Tuesday, September 15, 2020

How To Write A Thesis Statement

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Friday, September 11, 2020

How Can I Pay Someone To Write My Essay?

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Thursday, September 10, 2020

How To Write Research Paper . . And Get An A+

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Monday, September 7, 2020

Essay Writing Service At $7

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Friday, September 4, 2020

How To Write A Research Paper Fast

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Thursday, September 3, 2020

Is It Safe To Buy Essays Online?

Is It Safe To Buy Essays Online? It will, however, be a bit simpler now that you understand exactly what your prof desires and also you’ve obtained a schedule in place. You’re going to fill out an hour or two of labor every day, accounting for other courses, social engagements, and precedence necessities. When making the schedule, set completion goals so that the time isn’t open-ended. If your time is nebulous, you may be extra likely to drop the ball. You’ve got a date with a chair and life-lengthy learning. There is nothing incorrect with a transition word here and there, however they are very easy to overuse. Most blogs, likethis one,this one, andthis onemake utilizing transition words an important part of this process. It’s clear right here that individuals’s skills to speak define their cultural importance. This thought is loosely linked to a different thought the writer is writing towardâ€"that those distinctive cultural variations are sometimes the offender for communication breakdown. The problem offered was that instructors take away learning tools from students and exchange them with less interesting types of studying and cease social interplay with the classroom. An account might be created for you with the supplied particulars. Print out your paper, fireplace up Natural Reader, and comply with alongside. Mark any spots that don’t feel right and proper any ultimate mistakes. To get an A on this paper, you need to carry out with excellence in 3 classes and above common in no less than 2 of the other classes. Your profs know when you don’t take time prewriting, and they know when you’re being wishy-washy or solely reading to reinforce your opinion. In this case, expertise and the ESL classroom is the topic upon which the paper is predicated. So the first portion of your thesis ought to be a generalized assertion that describes the imperatives which make your paper related. For this step-by-step tutorial of thesis examples, we’re going to break issues down for super effectivity so you possibly can create the spine of the paper. Note that the concepts get extra specific the further away they are from the middle subject. As well, note that they’re written as interrogativesâ€"questions stimulate thought. Go via and find the concepts the prof desires you to cowl within the paper. Even with bullets and commands that’s a lot of text. If you get stuck whereas writing, pull out this sentence and see the place you’ve gone astray, or the place you go to get back on observe. In this paper, I will reveal my understanding of a linguistic idea I realized this semester and the way it relates to my area of study. Circle those that are most specific and makes use of them for your paper. But you don’t have a lot time, so you want to focus and narrow your conceptsâ€"it’s important to success. Mapping is a method that lets you freely report your ideas in a logical method. So you’ve completed the first two steps before mattress on the day your assigned the paper, now comes the tough stuff. I will demonstrate this information by staying organized, using relevant analysis, and sticking to my thesis statement. It’s clear from the highlighting and underlining that the prof desires an argumentative paper that’s properly-organized and thoughtful. Note that there's nothing about originality in this rubric. As nicely, instructors give little consideration to expertise-based mostly studying tools as an avenue for education. While these things will be more specific than the earlier part, they aren’t going to be hyper-specific, but broad sufficient to act as a reference points for the remainder of the paper. Teachers who refuse to make use of technology within the classroom are not engaging their students and are disregarding their students’ pure ways of studying and their social needs. social media interplay is now just as important to most college students as face-to-face interaction. The first step to making a profitable thesis statement is generating a concise overview of the topic at hand. Summarize the details of this paper in your individual words. After you could have completed that paper, it’s important to go back and make giant-scale changes. In a paper, it’s easy to use easy transition wordsâ€"subsequently, consequently,and so on.

Is It Safe To Buy Essays Online?

Is It Safe To Buy Essays Online? It will, however, be a bit simpler now that you understand exactly what your prof desires and also you’ve obtained a schedule in place. You’re going to fill out an hour or two of labor every day, accounting for other courses, social engagements, and precedence necessities. When making the schedule, set completion goals so that the time isn’t open-ended. If your time is nebulous, you may be extra likely to drop the ball. You’ve got a date with a chair and life-lengthy learning. There is nothing incorrect with a transition word here and there, however they are very easy to overuse. Most blogs, likethis one,this one, andthis onemake utilizing transition words an important part of this process. It’s clear right here that individuals’s skills to speak define their cultural importance. This thought is loosely linked to a different thought the writer is writing towardâ€"that those distinctive cultural variations are sometimes the offender for communication breakdown. The problem offered was that instructors take away learning tools from students and exchange them with less interesting types of studying and cease social interplay with the classroom. An account might be created for you with the supplied particulars. Print out your paper, fireplace up Natural Reader, and comply with alongside. Mark any spots that don’t feel right and proper any ultimate mistakes. To get an A on this paper, you need to carry out with excellence in 3 classes and above common in no less than 2 of the other classes. Your profs know when you don’t take time prewriting, and they know when you’re being wishy-washy or solely reading to reinforce your opinion. In this case, expertise and the ESL classroom is the topic upon which the paper is predicated. So the first portion of your thesis ought to be a generalized assertion that describes the imperatives which make your paper related. For this step-by-step tutorial of thesis examples, we’re going to break issues down for super effectivity so you possibly can create the spine of the paper. Note that the concepts get extra specific the further away they are from the middle subject. As well, note that they’re written as interrogativesâ€"questions stimulate thought. Go via and find the concepts the prof desires you to cowl within the paper. Even with bullets and commands that’s a lot of text. If you get stuck whereas writing, pull out this sentence and see the place you’ve gone astray, or the place you go to get back on observe. In this paper, I will reveal my understanding of a linguistic idea I realized this semester and the way it relates to my area of study. Circle those that are most specific and makes use of them for your paper. But you don’t have a lot time, so you want to focus and narrow your conceptsâ€"it’s important to success. Mapping is a method that lets you freely report your ideas in a logical method. So you’ve completed the first two steps before mattress on the day your assigned the paper, now comes the tough stuff. I will demonstrate this information by staying organized, using relevant analysis, and sticking to my thesis statement. It’s clear from the highlighting and underlining that the prof desires an argumentative paper that’s properly-organized and thoughtful. Note that there's nothing about originality in this rubric. As nicely, instructors give little consideration to expertise-based mostly studying tools as an avenue for education. While these things will be more specific than the earlier part, they aren’t going to be hyper-specific, but broad sufficient to act as a reference points for the remainder of the paper. Teachers who refuse to make use of technology within the classroom are not engaging their students and are disregarding their students’ pure ways of studying and their social needs. social media interplay is now just as important to most college students as face-to-face interaction. The first step to making a profitable thesis statement is generating a concise overview of the topic at hand. Summarize the details of this paper in your individual words. After you could have completed that paper, it’s important to go back and make giant-scale changes. In a paper, it’s easy to use easy transition wordsâ€"subsequently, consequently,and so on.

Wednesday, September 2, 2020

How To Turn In A Custom Written Essay And Dont Get Caught

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Friday, August 28, 2020

I Paid Someone Online To Write My Essay For Me, But Would It Fool My Lecturer?

I Paid Someone Online To Write My Essay For Me, But Would It Fool My Lecturer? The factor I regret most about highschool and faculty is that I treated it like one thing Ihadto do rather than one thing Iwantedto do. If you focus on how, you’ll always have sufficient to write about. Many instances your client doesn’t need oversaturated pictures on their site. They will require one thing with more artistic flair or novelty. Highest financial return â€" native speakers will obtain higher compensation. You can earn good cash writing for non-native international locations, but top-dollar is often achieved by way of locational considerations. These extra steps value the web site proprietor plenty of time and money. And if you end up building digital content, time IS cash. Do you actually wish to spend your time hacking on the keyboard for pennies? Allena Tapia wrote about freelance writing The Balance Careers and The Balance SMB. She is a contract advertising and communications consultant. For additional particulars or questions on our free essays or web site, please learn our FAQs and be happy to contact us. Typical documents that are 10 pages embody school dissertations, theses, and in-depth blog posts and journal articles. Typical paperwork which are 7 pages embrace faculty dissertations, theses, and in-depth blog posts and journal articles. As I talked about above, we graphic designers are inclined to over design. We do that for our own kind-A perfectionism and NOT for the over-delivery of the shopperâ€"that’s only a perk for them. Believe it or not, most companies with a corporate website do not frequently replace their blog content. They might replace their landing pages or optimize the contact pages, however they aren’t placing the time and effort into frequently creating content material. If there's an business you've formidable data inâ€"perhaps a interest or educational backgroundâ€"you must market your self in those niches. You are now extremely valuable to a specific subset of companies. If you don’t have a writing portfolio, get busy creating one instantly. With that said, I wouldn’t market myself for writing jobs in the UK, Australia, or South Africa. Sure, English is their main language, and I converse English, but I don’t perceive the delicate nuances of the tradition like a native citizen would. In most cases, writing expertise within the per word arena implies variety of initiatives completed. If you’ve delivered blocks of content to dozens of shoppers, you'll be able to draw in your experience and use that as a promoting level. Resume options like levels, writing expertise, publications, and writing certifications are essential. Most businesses looking to outsource per word are doing so for rising their web site content material. While this content material is necessary, they don’t require Shakespeare to write down it. Clients want to ensure you have expertise with branding and staying in keeping with their supply material. But not everyone has an eye for appropriate imagery. You can include the cost of discovering these photographs for them and placing them into their web site. You can encourage the sale by showing them methods to leverage the photographs on social media to level back to their website. Don’t let your perfectionism get in the way of your compensation. Always use the time ruleâ€"beneath 10 minutes is mild work. Charging 20-35% (+ value of pictures) above your per-word price is acceptable for this service.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Pay Someone To Write Your Research Paper

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Pay Someone To Write Your Research Paper

Pay Someone To Write Your Research Paper It’s not just homework duties they will assist with, both. Sure, when you’re battling calculus or English composition, they may help. But these days, younger persons are so tech-savvy and resourceful and find methods to get the job done. Sharing notes, sharing slideshows and powerpoints, even sharing recorded lectures. I was extraordinarily terrified after I’ve made my first order with EduBirdie as a result of the rumor has it that every one these skilled writing providers are not confidential. They did not even want my name to proceed with my paper and ship in one of the best of manners attainable. EduBirdie uses top quality writers with years of higher-level writing experience on a variety of topics. Pay Me To Do Your Homework ® is the main US-based mostly provider of Do My Homework and Take My Online Class providers. Founded in 2010, we’ve accomplished over 17,000 assignments for our shoppers. Sometimes previous college students share test results for previous tests. Students are even starting to pay other people to complete homework assignments for them on varied web sites. Some web sites offer just essay-writing, however some supply online-homework assist and even tasks. choosing unknown and unchecked customized essay writing websites that ask you to use your credit card to pay for their services, the threat of your identity theft is always current right here. However, a careful analysis of the FB web page left some unhealthy style in my mouth. We complete quizzes, tests, exams, tasks, stories, essays, modules, and even whole courses in almost each subject. We’d be delighted to serve you on your next on-line course or task. I heard plenty of good issues about the service, their 142k subscribers, and four.2 Facebook. There was a lot of plagiarism, grammar and writing points. It was like fixing an essay for a excessive schooler and I am in school. It did not get me an A or B however over all it was alright. We focus on do my homework companies and that features parts of your online class! If you just need want an skilled to take a quiz or check, or write a paper, or full an online module or two we will actually help out with that. Unlike Uber, TaskRabbit, and KGB, Nerdify doesn’t offer its companies to only anybody. By focusing on the needs of school students, its Nerds are capable of tackle issues which might be really relevant to its customers. Unfortunately, EssayPro assist stays their weak spot, as such practices are merely unacceptable. Today, I am going to investigate a very interesting and, on the same time, contradictory paper writing service â€" EssayPro.com. Being one of the oldest and greatest well-known bidding systems, I couldn't bypass them with out my review. I'm not the most academic particular person and I wanted help with a paper. I used two different people since they had experience within the subjects that I wanted. Their communication was glorious and I at all times knew what stage they have been at. They had been additionally very accommodating for some amendments I had afterwards. In this specific case, the customer clearly states that EssayPro threatened him by contacting the college. Using paper writing services is at all times risky, and most businesses cherish prospects’ safety, most of all. Overall, it was a pleasing experience and I would undoubtedly use them once more. There are many web sites that deserve good remarks. And if you need to do your homework in ten days, it’ll be ready strictly on time. We deal with deadlines as if they're our personal, and in a means, they honestly are.

Sunday, August 2, 2020

Program Assistant Introduction Stuart Caudill MIA 20 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Stuart Caudill MIA 20 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Note from Emily: Its a new semester, which means we have new program assistants with us in the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid. For those of you who spent the last year with Julia, Kier, Dylan, Samantha, and Niara, fret not theyre all employed and working on exciting things around the world. Maybe youll see them at a SIPA recruiting or alumni event. Until then, please meet the first of our new program assistants, Stuart Caudill. Our other new PAs George-Ann Ryan, Nabila Hassan, and Steven Reid will introduce themselves the rest of this week. Stuart is a second-year MIA student concentrating in International Security Policy and specializing in Technology, Media, and Communications. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 2013 with a B.S. in International Relations and Arabic. After graduating from West Point, Stuart served as a U.S. Army intelligence officer for over five years. After SIPA, Stuart plans to pursue a career in cybersecurity. What were you doing before you came to SIPA? After graduating from West Point, I spent over five years leading intelligence operations for the U.S. Army. I served as an intelligence officer for a Special Operations Task Force in Afghanistan, led intelligence soldiers providing direct support to the initial operations against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, and coordinated offensive cyber operations in support of U.S. Cyber Command. These experiences sparked my interest in cyber policy and led to my desire to pursue graduate study in international affairs. What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? First, I was drawn to the interdisciplinary and flexible MIA curriculum, especially the ISP concentration that benefits from the significant number of political science faculty focused on security issues. Second, I was particularly attracted to SIPA’s increasing focus on the intersection of technology and policy, with its Tech Policy @ SIPA initiative and other efforts. Third, I wanted to have access to the resources of a large, top-tier university. The opportunity to take courses across almost all of the schools and departments at Columbia is an incredible benefit for SIPA students. Lastly, I had always wanted to live in New York City. Columbia students have access to world-class museums, theater, restaurants, and nightlife that in my opinion is unmatched by any other city. Is there a particular SIPA experience that stands out? In November 2018, I competed in the New York Cyber 9/12 strategy competition sponsored by the Atlantic Council. The competition is held at SIPA every year and is organized by the student Digital and Cyber Group. The competition drew almost 30 teams from top universities, and the program also included speakers and demonstrations by a wide variety of people working in the cybersecurity industry and in government. This included speakers from the Department of Homeland Security, Morgan Stanley, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Flashpoint. The competition was a great experience, and it significantly increased my knowledge of cyber policy while also providing an opportunity to practice public speaking and presentation skills. How did you find the core curriculum at SIPA? The core curriculum provides a common experience (and a dose of common suffering) that really helps first-year students bond. In many of the core courses we complete problem sets and projects in small groups, and that was a great way to meet fellow students from other concentrations who I otherwise wouldn’t interact with at SIPA. I also found that the core curriculum exposed me to important aspects of public policy and international affairs that I would have otherwise overlooked. For example, the two course economics sequence gave me an in-depth understanding of international economics that has broadened my perspective, and I’ve noticed its usefulness even in daily life as I’m able to better understand current economic events when I read the newspaper. While the core curriculum is relatively quantitative, I found that the math refresher that SIPA provides during orientation really prepared me for the economics and quantitative analysis courses. Do you feel like you have gotten to know some of the faculty members? I definitely do! While some of the core courses are large, almost all of my other courses have been small seminars. Even in my large core courses, the professors had extensive office hours to meet with students. I’ve also met faculty members at a lot of events such as networking happy hours and concentration-specific retreats. The International Security Policy concentration, for example, goes on a weekend retreat to a park outside New York City every fall and several professors, including Dr. Richard Betts, attend every year to get to know students. This year I’m also working as a research assistant for a professor, and that’s a great opportunity to work with faculty members closely and get involved in research projects relevant to your specific interests. What advice do you have for current applicants? One of the most useful things I did when I was applying was to make a proposed class schedule. I put all of the mandatory courses on a spreadsheet and then filled in the electives I wanted to take from the course listings available on the SIPA website. This is a great way to compare different schools you may be considering. You’ll be able to get a holistic view of what your graduate program will be like and what specific skills you’ll develop. This is also really helpful as you write your statement of purpose as you’ll be able to explain in more detail why SIPA is the right fit for you.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay - 1072 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne was one of American literatures finest writers; his writing style was very distinct and unusual in some aspects. It is his background that provided this ambiguous and complex approach to writing. Hawthornes New England heritage has, at times, been said to be the contributing factor in his works. The Puritan view of life itself was considered to be allegorical, their theology rested primarily on the idea of predestination and the separation of the saved and the damned As evident from Hawthornes writings his intense interest in Puritanical beliefs often carried over to his novels such as, Young Goodman Brown, The Scarlet Letter, and The Ministers Black Veil just to name a few of the more well known pieces of his work.†¦show more content†¦Both men Dante and Young Goodman Brown embark on a somewhat spiritual journey and come out of it with an insight that they never possessed before relating to the world and their beliefs. Young Goodman Brown had the allegor ical elements similar to Dantes Inferno with the use of color, ambiguous statements and the representation of objects. An example of this type of ambiguity of language is when the old man convinces Goodman Brown to come with him: Let us walk on, nevertheless, reasoning as we go, and if I convince thee not, thou shalt turn back. We are but a little way in the forest yet (Hawthorne 615) This statement can be taken one of two ways, either for the literal sense in which the old man is urging him to come or for the allegorical way in which this shows Goodman Brown has a choice in his destiny to make the right decision and turn his back on Satan when he sees Gods way is better. Upon returning home Goodman Brown comes to the realization that all the people that meant most in his life that he believed were righteous, upstanding, God fearing citizens were all guilty of being influenced by the devil. Whether he dreamed this or not what happened to him in the forest changed his life in such a dramatic way that it compels him to live the rest of it out in gloom and despair as evident from this paragraph: Often, awakening suddenly at midnight, he shrank from the bosom of Faith, and at morning or eventide, when the family knelt down at prayer, heShow MoreRelatedThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1493 Words   |  6 PagesRomantic period authors, like Nathaniel Hawthorne, a prevalent example of a Romantic author from the 19th century, believed that people were getting too reliant on on science. Romantics were literary rebels who wrote about strong emotions, the supernatural, and the power of nature. The writing style of the previous century was known as the Age of Reason, the authors thought emotion was unnecessary; they loved science and wrote a lot of non-fiction. The romantics wanted to remind people that thereRead MoreWho is Nathaniel Hawthorne?953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe utmost passion of her heart† is one of my favorite quotes that Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote from the Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American writer, that wrote fictional stories. He was a gifted writer that was influenced to use his gift by a well known man, with the name of Ralph Waldo Emerson. I believe Nathaniel had an talent to make stories rhyme with detail, that sets the scene in your very, own mind. Hawthorne had a interesting life, he enjoyed writing short stories, like Twice-ToldRead MoreBiography of Nathaniel Hawthorne547 Words   |  2 Pagesirritation of the original feeling of hostility (Hawthorne). Writers of the 1800s seemed to write in a way that would serve to the sentimental values of their readers and focus on bright, happy, or romantic topics. One Author, however, looked deep into the darker side of human nature and delved into topics such as: morality, sin, and redemption. This author was Nathaniel Hawthorne. On July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts, Nathaniel Hathorne was born to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clark Manning HathorneRead MoreThe Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne1175 Words   |  5 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer who was born in Salem, Massachusetts July fourth 1804. When Hawthorne was a young man he served as the editor of the American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge. That job introduced him into the world of writing and at that point he decided what he wanted to do until the day he died. â€Å"I do not want to be a doctor and live by men’s diseases, nor a minister to live by their sins, nor a lawyer and live by their quarrelsRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1185 Words   |  5 PagesAli Qutab Honor American Literature â€Å"The Birthmark† : Essay #4 December 30th, 2015 The Effect of Nature on the Scientific Ego of Aylmer Throughout, â€Å"The Birthmarkâ€Å", by Nathaniel Hawthorne, symbolism and imagery are used to show that Aylmer s attempt to perfect something natural is the cause of Georgiana s death and that when man manipulates something as powerful as Nature, terrible things can occur. Aylmer is a scientist whose strives for perfection and is blinded by his love for science, resultingRead MoreBiography of Nathaniel Hawthorne1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdark secrets forever. Raised as a Puritan, Nathaniel Hawthorne grew up with a devout family intensely immersed in religion. As he matured, Hawthorne discovered that his seemingly pious family was disturbingly flawed, a discovery that would radically change his life. In his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Puritan family secrets aid in forming symbols of faith and evil and developing the inner complexities of his characters. Hawthorne, the sixth generation in a family of AmericanRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesA birthmark as referred to in this short story is the â€Å"Differences of temperament†, the inborn traits someone can develop. In Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Birthmark there are many different themes such as, nature versus science, and perfection. We see Aylmer struggle with his own temperament. For him the birthmark becomes the symbol of Georgiana’s flawed humanity, which he tries to alternate. Throughout the story, we come across several observances of otherness revolving around â€Å"The Birthmark†. AylmerRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne873 Words   |  4 PagesThe Birthmark is a story by Nathaniel Hawthorne the carries vast amounts of symbolism in its pages. It’s a story that you can pretty much look at anything that is involved and see how it carries some type of underlying meaning that either helps the character development or means something entirely different. The basis of the story is similar to that of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, which only came out about 20 years before The Birthmark. For the most part the story is about human imperfection andRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Birthmark Nathaniel Hawthorne like many other writers during the nineteenth century focused their writings on the darker aspects of life. â€Å"The Birthmark,† is set in New England and has a Puritan perspective. Aylmer, a well-known scientist, marries Georgiana who has a hand shaped birthmark upon her face. After some time during their marriage Aylmer and Georgiana decided to remove the mark through scientific means. Advancements in science and the ability to change nature were at the center ofRead MoreBiography of Nathaniel Hawthorne 1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe tall and mysterious Nathaniel Hawthorne is a man of little understanding. We know him for being very secluded and alone much of the time. We also know he had many secrets that may have accounted for the gloomy tone in his novels. He was a writer who did not believe in the game of small talk and enjoyed losing himself to a world of this own creation. Many people might have thought that Hawthorne came off as rude and uninte resting, but they had no idea of the masterpieces that laid inside his head

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Edgar Allan Poes Use of Gothisism - 891 Words

Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known fixture in American literature; whose stories have made sizeable contributions to the Gothic literary element. Many of Poe’s stories contain more than one Gothic element. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is a prime example of this. In this story Poe presents the themes of death and the accompanying supernatural. Poe often uses his proficiency in Gothic to invoke deep reading. For many, this proficiency causes Poe’s stories to be difficult to fully understand at first glance. One of the many noticeable themes that entangle the Gothic fiction of Edgar Allan Poe is death and the accompanying theme of decay after death. Death is by far one of the most prominent themes in Gothic writing. â€Å"In nearly all of Poe’s stories, at least one, if not more than one of the characters has died or is being mourned (Gothic).† â€Å"This mournful theme sets the quintessential gloomy tone found in many of Poe’s works (Ligeia).† For instance, in â€Å"Ligeia† by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator’s lover has recently passed away and the narrator is left struggling to adjust to a life without her by his side. The narrator does however move on with his life and finds another woman to marry. After their marriage the narrator realizes that his new bride does not truly love him. Just as unexpectedly as Ligeia became ill, so does his new bride. Soon, just as the last, the narrator’s bride dies. As with many of Poe’s writings th e plot makes an unexpected twist and although the woman has

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Sinulog Free Essays

SiThe Sinulog festival is one of the grandest, most distinguished and most colorful festivals in the Philippines. The major festival is held each year on the third Sunday of January in Cebu City to honor the Santo Nino, or the child Jesus, who used to be the patron saint of the whole province of Cebu (since in the Catholic faith Jesus is not a saint, but God). It is fundamentally a dance ritual which remembers the Filipino people’s pagan past and their recognition of Christianity. We will write a custom essay sample on Sinulog or any similar topic only for you Order Now The festival features some the country’s most colorful displays of ceremony and pageantry: participants clothe in bright-colored costumes dance to the rhythm of drums and native gongs. The streets are generally lined with vendors and pedestrians all wanting to witness the street-dancing. Smaller versions of the festival are also held in different parts of the province, also to celebrate and honor the Santo Nino. There is also a Sinulog sa Kabataan, which is performed by the youths of Cebu a week before the Grand Parade.Recently, the cultural event has been commercialized as a tourist attraction and instead of traditional street-dancing from locals, Sinulog also came to mean a contest highlighting groups from various parts of the country. The Sinulog Contest is traditionally held in the Cebu City Sports Complex, where most of Cebu’s major provincial events are held. The Festival The celebration traditionally lasts for nine days, ending on the ninth day when the Sinulog G rand Parade reveals. The day before the parade, the Fluvial Procession, a water-parade, held at dawn from the Mandaue City wharf to Cebu City wharf with the Santo Nino carried on a pump boat decorated with hundreds of flowers and candles. The procession ends at the Basilica where a re-enactment of the Christianizing of Cebu follows. In the afternoon, a more formal procession takes place along the major streets of the city, which last for hours due to large crowd participating in the religious event.On the feast day, at the Basilica, a Pontifical Mass is held, given by the Cardinal with the assistance of several bishops of Cebu. The majority of the city’s population and devotees would flock to the Basilica to attend the mass before heading out to the streets to watch the Parade. Background ‘Sinulog’ comes from the Cebuano adverb sulog which is â€Å"like water current movement,† which proficiently describes the forward-backward movement of the Sinulog dance. Traditionally, the d ance consists of two steps forward and one step backward, done to the sound of the drums. The dance is classified into Sinulog-base, Free-Interpretation, and recently a Latin Category, which most people have argued that it had nothing to do with Sinulog tradition. Candle vendors at the Basilica continue to perform the traditional version of the dance when lighting a candle for the customer, usually accompanied by songs in the native language. History of Sinulog Pre-Spanish and the First Wave of Spaniards Historians have renowned that before the first Spaniards came to Cebu, the Sinulog was already danced by the natives in respect of their wooden god called anitos.Then, on April 7, 1521, the Portuguese navigator, Fernando de Magallanes arrived and planted the cross on the shores of Cebu, claiming the territory in the name of the King of Spain. He then offered the image of the child Jesus, the Santo Nino, as baptismal gift to Hara Amihan, wife of Cebu’s Rajah Humabon. Hara Amihan was later named, Queen Juana in honor of Juana, Carlos I’s mother. Along with the rulers of the island, some 800 natives were also baptized to the Christian faith. This event is often used as foundation for most Sinulog dances, which presents the coming of the Spaniards and the presentation of the Santo Nino to the Queen.A famous theme among Sinulog dances is Queen Juana holding the Santo Nino in her arms and using it to bless her people who are often worried by sickness caused by demons and other evil spirits. The Coming of Legazpi After Magellan met his death on April 27, 1521 on the shores of Mactan (ruled by Muslim Rajah Lapu-Lapu), the bits and pieces of his men returned to Spain. However, it took 44 years before the Spaniards accomplished some measure of success in colonizing the islands and finally the whole Philippines. The explorer, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived in Cebu on April 28, 1565 and destroyed the village ruled by Rajah Tupas.In one of the huts of the burning village, one of Legazpi’s soldiers named Juan Camus found a wooden box containing the image of the Santo Nino lying in the middle of several native statue. Histo rians later said that during the 44 years between the coming of Magellan and Legazpi, the natives of Cebu continued to dance the Sinulog but no longer to worship their anitos but to show their worship to the Santo Nino. The Augustinian friars that accompanied Legazpi in his expedition proclaimed the statue miraculous and built a church on the site where it was found.Th e church was called San Agustin Church but was later renamed to the Basilica Minore del Santo Nino. Letter to the King After Juan Camus found the Santo Nino in the burning village, Legazpi was said to have included the event in his report, entitled â€Å"Relation of Voyage to the Philippine Islands. † It went as follows: â€Å"†¦ Your Excellency should know that on that day when we entered this village (Cebu), one of the soldiers went into a large and well-built house of an indio where he found an image of the Child Jesus (whose most holy name I pray may be universally worshipped).This was kept in its cradle, all covered with gold, just as if it were brought from Spain: and only the little cross, which is generally placed upon the globe in his hands, was lacking. The image was well kept in that house, and many flowers we re found before it, and no one knows for what object or purpose. The soldier bowed down before it with all reverence and wonder, and brought the image to the place where the other soldiers were. I pray to the Holy Name of his image, which we found here, to help us and to grant us victory, in order that these lost people who are unaware of the precious and rich treasure, which was in their custody, may come to a knowledge of Him. † The Present Since 1521, loyalty to the Santo Nino has grown and has taken root in Filipino popular holiness, particularly in the Visayas; pilgrims from different parts of Cebu and the rest of the Philippines make their yearly journey to the Basilica to take part in the procession and fiesta.Starting in 1980, the Cebu City government organized the Sinulog Mardi Gras and eventually gave incentives to dance groups. It was David S. Odilao, Jr. , then Regional Director of the Ministry of Sports and Youth Development (MYSD), who organized the first ever Sinulog Parade. The year was 1980 and Odilao gathered a group of students, dressed them up in moro-moro costumes and taught them the Sinulog to the beating of the drums. The idea caught and thus, under the direction of the Cebu City Mayor Florentino S. Solon with the help of several influential Cebuanos, Odilao turned over the Sinulog project to the Cebu City Historical Committee under Kagawad Jesus B. Garcia, Jr.. It was the task of the Committee to conceptualize the Sinulog festival and make it into a yearly event from then on. In 1981 the following year, the concept of the Sinulog Parade was actualized, involving practically every sector in the Cebuano community.Marking its difference from another popular festival, the Ati-Atihan in Aklan, the Sinulog focuses not on the ritual itself but on the historical aspects of the dance, which, as it has been said, represents the link between the country’s pagan past and Christian present. Sinulog Coat of Arms The committee (Cebu City Historical Committee), which was responsible for the conceptualization of the Sinulog as a provincial event, decided to accept a logo for the Sinulog to identify it as an institutionalized yearly event.They turned to the coat of arms of the Santo Nino which consisted of a two-headed hawk that was the mark of the ruling House of Habsburg in Europe. The symbol stand for the twin purpose of the Habsburg dynasty as â€Å"Champion of Catholicism and Defender of the Faith. † At the time when Spain sent expeditions to the Philippines, they were under the Habsburg dynasty. The Sinulog committee then included the two-headed eagle to a native warrior’s shield. The native shield is thought to symbolize the country’s struggle to colonization while the Santo Nino’s coat of arms printed on its face represented the country’s recognition of Christianity. How to cite Sinulog, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example Essay Example

The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example Paper The Peoples Bank of China Essay Introduction The People’s Bank of China is the is the central bank of People’s Republic of China with the power to control monetary policy and regulate the financial institutions in mainland China. The People’s Bank of China has more financial assets than any other single public finance institution in world history. History: The bank was established on December 1, 1948 based on consolidation of Huabei Bank, the Beihai Bank and the Xibei Farmer Bank. The headquarter was first located in Shijiazhuang, Hebei and then moved to Beijing in 1949. Between 1949 and 1978 the PBC was the only bank in People’s Republic of China and was responsible for both central banking and commercial banking operations. In the 1980, as part of economic reform, the commercial banking functions of the PBC were split off into four independent but state owned banks and in 1983, the State Council promulgated that the PBC would function as the central bank of China. Its central bank status was legall y confirmed on March 18, 1995 by the 3rd Plenum of the 8th National People’s Congress. In 1998, the PBC underwent a major restructuring. All provincial and local branches were abolished, and the PBC opened nine regional branches, whose boundaries did not correspond to local administrative boundaries. In 2003, the standing committee of the 10th National People’s Congress approved an amendment law for strengthening the role of PBC in the making and implementation of monetary policy for safeguarding the overall financial stability and provision of financial services. Management: The top management of PBC is composed of the governor and a certain number of deputy governors. The Peoples Bank of China Essay Body Paragraphs The governor of the PBC is appointed into or removed from office of the President of People’s Republic of China. The candidate for the governor of PBC is nominated by the Premier of the State Council and approved by the People’s National Congress. The deputy governors of the PBC are appointed into or removed from office by the Premier of the State Council. The PBC adopts a governor responsibility system under which the governor supervises the overall work of the PBC while the deputy governors provide assistance to the governor to fulfill his or her responsibility. The current governor is Zhou Xiaochuan. Other high ranking deputies include Wang Hongzhang, Hu Xiaolian, Liu Shiyu, Ma Delun, Yi Gang, Du Jinfu, Li Dongrong, Guo Qingping. Structure: The PBC has established 9 regional branches respectively in Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Xi’an, 2 operations offices in Beijing and Chongqing, 303 municipal sub branches and 180 9 county level sub branches. It has 6 overseas representative offices PBC Representative Office for America, PBC Representative Office (London) for Europe, PBC Tokyo Representative Office, PBC Frankfurt Representative Office, PBC Representative Office for Africa, Liaison Office of the PBC in the Caribbean Development Bank. The PBC consists of 18 functional departments (bureaus), General Administration Department Legal Affairs Department Monetary Policy Department Financial Market Department Financial Stability Bureau Financial Survey and Statistics Department Accounting and Treasury Department Payment System Department Technology Department Currency, Gold and Silver Bureau State Treasury Bureau International Department Internal Auditing Department Personnel Department Research Bureau Credit Information System Bureau Anti-Money Laundering Bureau (Security Bureau) Education Department of the COC PBC Committee The following enterprises and institutions are directly und er the PBC; China Anti-money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Center PBC Graduate School China Financial Publishing House Financial News China National Clearing Center China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation China Gold Coin Incorporation China Financial Computerization Corporation China Foreign Exchange Trade System Microfinance: Rural Credit Cooperatives List of Governors: Nan Hanchen: October 1949—October 1954 Cao Juru: Oct. 1954—Oct. 1964 Hu Lijiao: Oct. 1964—Oct. 1966 Chen Xiyu: May 1973—Jan. 1978 Li Baohua: Jan. 1978—April 1982 Lu Peijian: April 1982—March 1985 Chen Muhua: March 1985—April 1988 Li Guixian: April 1988—July 1993 Zhu Rongji: July 1993—June 1995 Dai Xianglong: June 1995—Dec. 2002 Zhou Xiaochuan: Dec. 2002—Present. Interest Rates: Interest rates set by the bank are always divisible by nine, instead of by 25 as in the rest of the world. At 22 Dec. 2008 it was set to 5. 31%. (1. 2) Evolution of Banks in China The history of Chinese banking system has been somewhat checkered. Nationalization of the country’s banks got the highest priority in the earliest year of People’s Republic of China, and the banking was the first sector to be completely socialized. In the period of Chinese war (1949-52), the People’s Bank of China moved very effectively to raging inflation and brings the nation’s finances under central control. Over the course of time, the banking organization was modified repeatedly to suit changing conditions and new policies. The people’s Bank of China was the central bank and the foundation of the banking system. Although the bank overlapped in function with the Ministry of Finance and lost many of its responsibilities during Cultural Revolution, in the 1970 it was restored to its leading position. As the central bank the People’s Bank of China had sole responsibility for issuing and control ling the money supply. It also served as the government treasury, the main source of credit economic units, the clearing center of financial transactions, the holder of enterprise deposits, the national saving banks, and a ubiquitous monitor of economic activities. The People’s Construction Bank managed by state and provides loans for capital construction. It checked the activities of loans receipts to insure that the funds were used for their designated construction purpose. Money was spending in stages as a project progressed. The reform policy shifted the main source of investment funding from the government budget to bank loans and increased the responsibility and increased the responsibility and activities of the People’s Construction Bank. Another financial institution, the Bank of China, handle all dealings in foreign exchange. It was responsible for allocating the country’s foreign exchange reserves, arranging foreign loans, setting exchange rates for Ch ina’s currency, issuance of letters of credit, and generally carrying out all financial transactions with foreign firms and individuals. The Bank of China had offices in Beijing and other cities and maintained overseas offices in major international financial centers, including Hong Kong, London, New York, Singapore and Luxembourg. Banking system was centralized early or under the Ministry of Finance, which exercised firm control over all financial services, credit, and the money supply. During 1980 the banking system was expended to meet the needs of the program, and the scale of banking activity rose sharply. New budgetary producers required state enterprises to resubmit to the state only a tax on income and to seek investment funds in the form of bank loans. Between 1979 and 1985, the deposits nearly tripled and the value of bank loans rose by 260 percent. By 1987 the banking system included the People’s Bank of China, Agricultural Bank, Bank of China (which handled foreign exchange things), China Investment Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, People’s Construction Bank, Communications Bank, People’s Insurance Company of China, Rural Credit Cooperatives and Urban Credit Cooperatives. The Agricultural Bank was created in the 1950 to facilitate financial operations in the rural areas. The Agricultural Bank provide financial support to the agricultural units. It issued loans, directed the operations in the rural credit cooperatives, and carried out overall supervision of rural financial affairs. The Agricultural Bank was headquartered in Beijing and had a network of branches throughout the country. It starts increasing in the late 1950 and mid 1960 but ended in the late 1970. When the functions of the Agricultural Bank were increased it helps promote higher agricultural production. In the 1980 it was restructured again and given greater authority in order to support the growth of agriculture under the responsible system. Rur al Credit Cooperatives were small, but collectively owned savings and lending organizations that were the main source of small scale financial services at the local level in the countryside. They handled deposits and short terms loans for individual farm families, villages and cooperative organizations. Subject to the direction of the Agricultural Bank, they followed uniform state banking policies and acted as independent units for accounting purposes. In 1985 rural credit cooperatives held total deposit? 72. 5 Billion. (1. 3) Different Categories of Banks Bank of China Agricultural Bank of China (one of the main banks in mainland China) CITIC Industrial Bank (China International Trust and Investment Bank) China Construction Bank (one of the main banks in mainland China) China Merchants Bank (one of the main banks in mainland China) Industrial and Commercial Banks in China (one of the largest state owned in China) Kincheng Banking Corporation (keep progress with time, expended and g rown to become one of the top 500 banks in the world. ) Banks Owned by the Central Government NameHeadquarter Agricultural Bank of ChinaBeijing Bank of ChinaBeijing Bank of CommunicationsShanghai Industrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaBeijing People’s Bank of ChinaBeijing Xiamen International BankXiamen Postal Saving Bank of ChinaBeijing China CITIC BankBeijing China Construction BankBeijing China Development BankBeijing Exim Bank of ChinaBeijing Hua Xia BankBeijing Banks Owned By Local Governments Bank of JinzhouJinzhou Bank of JilinChangchun Harbin BankHarbin Industrial BankFuzhou Guangdong Development BankGuangzhou Bank of NingboNingbo Shenzhen City Commercial BankShenzhen Shenzhen Development BankShenzhen We will write a custom essay sample on The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Salvador Luria essays

Salvador Luria essays Salvador Luria was one of the founders of microbiology, as we know it. He emigrated from here from his native country of Italy in 1940. His work in the United States is his best known. His work on bacteriophage (bacterial virus) here brought up many new topics in bacteriology, biochemistry, and virology. Born in 1912 in Turin, Italy Salvador Luria was born to David Luria and Ester Sacerdote. His father was a well-respected Jewish leader in his hometown. Salvador attended Liceo dAzeglio high school. This was one of Northern Italys most highly recognized schools. After he finished high school he enrolled in medical school at the University of Turin. In medical school he studied with nerve tissue expert Giuseppe Levi. He met Ugo Fano who later taught him calculus and physics in an after school class using astronomy as a base. The influence that Fano had on Salvador was so great that he decided to pursue basic sciences. He decided to go with Radiology, he believed this was the gap between physics and medicine. He received his medical degree in 1935. Although he had received his degree he was not happy. He believed Radiology was the most boring part of the medical world. Salvador was drafted into the Italian Army as a medic. This proved he was not made for a medical career. He was discharged in 1937 and moved to Rome. In Rome he study at the Physics Institute of the University of Rome. He was shown the writings of Max Delbruck, who had boldly stated a gene, was a molecule. Salvador later said that Maxs writings were the Holy Grail of biophysics. While living in an old broken down trolley car in the streets of Rome Salvador started a conversation with a microbiologist by the name of Geo Rita. Geo introduced him to bacteriophage, Salvador believed he could prove Maxs theory. He fled Europe in 1940 when the Nazi war machine was an approaching. He acquired an American visa and came ...

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

How to Find the Pisces Constellation in the Night Sky

How to Find the Pisces Constellation in the Night Sky The Pisces constellation can be seen from nearly all points on Earth. Pisces has a storied history and is one of the constellations of the Zodiac, a set of star patterns that lies along the apparent path of the Sun against the sky throughout the year. The name Pisces comes from the Latin plural for fish. Pisces used to be referred to as the first constellation of the zodiac. This is because the Sun appears against the backdrop of Pisces during the northern hemispheres spring equinox, which was previously considered the start of a new year. Finding Pisces The constellation Pisces is easiest to see in October and November, or on late evenings in September. Because its stars are relatively dim, Pisces is most visible in a dark country sky. Pisces is very close to Pegasus in the sky. Its one of three northern hemisphere autumn constellations that are easy to spot. Carolyn Collins Petersen The constellation Pisces is part of a larger grouping of Pegasus, Andromeda, Aries, and Triangulum. It is also near Aquarius. The stars that make up Pisces have a rough V-shape. The eastern fish has a small triangular head and the western fish has a small circlet for a head. It is located right next to the Great Square of Pegasus in the northern hemisphere sky, and the heads of the fishes are either to the west or southeast of the Square. The Story of Pisces Ancient Babylonians saw the constellation Pisces as two separate objects: the Great Swallow (a bird) and the Lady of Heaven. Later, the Greeks and Romans saw a goddess of love and fertility- for the Greeks, it was Aphrodite, while for the Romans, it was Venus. Chinese astronomers saw this region of the sky as a farmers fence that kept animals from escaping. Today, most stargazers think of Pisces as two fish in the sky. The Stars of Pisces Pisces is not one of the brightest constellations in the sky, but it is large. It does have several brighter stars, including ÃŽ ± Piscium- also known as Alrescha (Arabic for the cord). Alrescha, which lies about 140 light-years away from us, is at the deepest point of the V shape.   The IAU constellation designation for Pisces includes the main pattern plus numerous other stars. IAU/Sky Telescope   The second-brightest star is ÃŽ ² Piscium, with the lengthy informal name of Fumalsamakah (which means mouth of the fish in Arabic). Its much farther away from us, at a distance of just under 500 light-years. There are about 20 brighter stars within Pisces fish pattern, and numerous others in the official region designated by the IAU as Pisces on its charts.   Deep Sky Objects in Pisces The constellation Pisces doesnt have a lot of very obvious deep-sky objects, but the best one for stargazers to spot is a galaxy called M74 (from Charles Messiers list of faint fuzzy objects). M74 is spiral galaxy, similar in shape to the Milky Way (although its arms are not so tightly wound up as those in our home galaxy). It lies about 30 million light-years away from us. Professional astronomers continually study M74 because its face on from our point of view here on Earth. This positioning allows astronomers to study the star-forming regions in the spiral arms, and search out variable stars, supernovae, and other objects among the 100 billion stars that make up the galaxy. Astronomers use instruments like the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the galaxy for regions of star birth, as it is a prodigious star-formation galaxy. They are also intrigued by the possibility of a black hole at the heart of M74.   Here is the galaxy M 74 as seen through the infrared-sensitive instruments onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The view shows areas of starbirth in the spiral arms. NASA/CalTech/Spitzer Although its not in Pisces, the Triangulum galaxy (known as M33) is right next to the head of the western fish. Its a spiral galaxy that is actually part of the Local Group of galaxies that includes the Milky Way. A view of the Triangulum Galaxy (M 33) near Pisces. This was taken with amateur equipment. Kanwar Singh, Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike 4.0.   Andromeda is the largest member of the group, the Milky Way is second-largest, and M33 is third-largest. Interestingly, astronomers have observed that Andromeda and M33 are linked together by streams of gas, which means that the two have had a tango in the past and will likely interact again in the distant future.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Arab Politics -The Baath Party Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab Politics -The Baath Party - Research Paper Example Baath party is one of the Arab political parties originated in Syria. It has attained international fame because of its association with former Iraq president Saddam Husain. Though Baath party has extended its roots to many Arab countries like Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan etc as a symbol of Arab unity, it didn’t survive long because of its composition of different political regimes and origin The Arab Socialist Baath Party was founded in Syria in the 1940s by a small group of French-educated Syrian intellectuals - Michel Aflaq, a Greek Orthodox, and Salah al-Din al-Bitar, a Sunni Muslim. The word Baath means renaissance in Arabic. (Kafala) The educated Muslim intellectuals have visualized the whole Arab countries as a single entity and their aim was to bring all the Arab people under one flag of the Baath party. Their aim was not motivated by any selfish aspects. They have felt the need of a single Arab party in order to counter the external threats from countries like Israel and America. Baath party was a secular Arab party. â€Å"Socialism (not Marxism) was quickly adopted as the party’s economic dogma: â€Å"Unity [Arab], Freedom [from colonialism], and Socialism† are still the watchwords.† (The Syrian Encyclopaedia) Though Baath party has accepted socialism as the economic principle, it differed from communism in many ways. Communism mostly works for the working class of the whole world whereas Baath party stressed the importance of economic equality among all the peoples of Arab countries. They have given focus on Arab culture alone and hence they concentrated on the Middle East region alone. Communism, on the other hand, doesn’t have any boundaries; it works for the whole working class in the world. â€Å"The Iraqi Baath party was founded in 1951 and had 500 members three years later. Saddam Hussein joined it as a 20-year-old in 1956.  

Monday, February 3, 2020

See reqiurmence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

See reqiurmence - Essay Example Before embarking upon the discussion a brief look into the background would be helpful. The famous Silk Road paved the way for the Chinese goods that mainly consisted, silk, printed paper, gun powder and compass. Not only those are goods but ground breaking inventions that held the Chinese head high at the global arena (Whitfield, 2004). The communist government was established in China in 1949 and China entered a prolonged phase of social and economic restructuring till 1977 (MacKerras & Yorke, 1991, p.81). This phase is characterized by meager economic exchange. (Bell, Khor & Khochar, 1993). The reflection of globalization is almost everywhere, however for simplicity only four variables are considered in this paper; agriculture, Industry, International trade and foreign direct investment. Again a coin has two faces so as globalization. The paper analyses the impact of globalization on the Chinese economy. It means that the all or none policy while judging the impact of globalizatio n on Chinese economy would be faulty and far from the actual reality. Statistical overview The following table summarizes the growth rates of the agriculture, industry and trade pre and post reform period. This gives a brief picture regarding the impact of globalization in terms of figures on the Chinese economy: table 1: Annual growth rates of China's economy 1970-2010 (%)    pre-reform 1970-78 Reform period    1970-78 1979-84 1985-95 1996-00 2001-05 2006-10 GDP 4.9 8.8 9.7 8.2 9.9 11.1 Agriculture 2.7 7.1 4 3.4 4.3 4.5 Industry 6.8 8.2 12.8 9.6 11.4 11.9 Service n.a. 11.6 9.7 8.3 10.1 11.9 Foreign Trade 20.5 14.3 15.2 9.8 25.3 13.8 Import    12.7 13.4 9.5 24.9 14.2 Export    15.9 17.2 10.1 25.7 13.5 Population 1.8 1.4 1.37 0.91 0.63 0.5 Per capita GDP 3.1 7.4 8.3 7.2 9 10.6 (Huang, Wang and Qiu, 2012, p.5) The financial crisis of 2008 accounts for the lower annual growth rates of foreign trade, imports and exports for the period 2006-2010, but China managed to be consisten t in terms of GDP rate and the domestic sectors. Agriculture The initial impact of globalization on Chinese agriculture might be summarized as the transformation from collectivization to individual household responsibility. Improved form of agricultural procedures was introduced with chemical fertilizers and pesticides, machineries were welcomed and that brought a huge growth in agricultural output and in rural income. However this success was short lived and by mid 80’s rural economic growth had achieved its ceiling. By the end of the decade and the beginning of the next one stagnation and a step ahead degeneration became the trademark of Chinese rural area. As agriculture is the prime profession of the rural people it also serves as a dummy for the agricultural sector that was subject to the same problem. To raise agricultural production, deforestation took place at an unprecedented level and impacted the environment. Soon the rural household felt the brunt of rising price of machinery, fertilizers and pesticides and resorted to their initial way of farming that gave rise to pseudo unemployment. Apart from that, globalization exposed the farmers to market price fluctuations. Along with

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Feminine Hygiene Products Advertising Analysis

Feminine Hygiene Products Advertising Analysis Fulya Felicity Tà ¼rkmen Perceptions on the Idealized Image of Women in TV Ads Revisited:  The Example of Sanitary Napkin Advertisements Introduction and Methods This study has two parts: The first part gave me a perspective and understanding about how to read and evaluate an advertisement. In this way, I could determine some criteria to decode the linguistic and non linguistic components of the sanitary napkin advertisements. I watched 35 sanitary napkin advertisements but I did not choose to make a quantitative analysis since it would be too hard to examine the data manually. Instead of this, I chose the qualitative methods. I made certain groups based on the determining characteristics of the advertisements and I evaluated only one advertisement for each group such as one for blue liquid type and one for mini drama type advertisements. My first thesis was assuming that advertisements are a part of the reproduction of discourses on womanhood by supporting the idealized images of womanhood. But as I go on watching the advertisements I also noticed that they create some stigmas about the taboo on menstruation and feminine hygiene. This is why I also included the part menstruation as embarassment as a component of the perceptions on womanhood. In the presentation I used the expression of hidden messages by referring to the use of lingual and non linguistic components of the advertisements which are telling women something other than the features of the products and promising them things whch are not directly relevant with the product itself at first sight. While doing these, I also tried to track down the transformation of advertisements since it was legally allowed to do advertising on sanitary napkins to see what has changed since the beginning. Advertisements Now and Then Previously, advertisements were less complicated than they are today and there was only one goal to achieve with the simplest ways: to make people buy a certain product by explaining its specific or differentiating features. Thus, production or supply of the products was determined according to the demands of the societies. Today, we see the constant creation of new demands and increasement of the existing ones. In this new order, advertisement has become a tool to create consent for more consumption. In this way, social utility has also become the utility of the capital owners but these are presented as if they still accomodate social benefits. Media a great power of influencing and directing the society. In advertisements, this power manifests itself through the chain of product, production and consumption. In this way, products go beyond the production processes and factories and they become a part of the media culture. Although the basic motivation behind the advertisements is simply selling more products, there is no advertisement which only gives information about product to motivate people for buying it. Beyond this simple aim, each advertisement has a message that would be received by for potential consumers via different canals. Today we observe that the symbols and images take a precedence over the product itself most of the time. In the science of semiotics, it is claimed that signs are open to different interpretations and they can have different meanings in different contexts. Thus, we receive different messages via signs and attribute them to different meaning while we communicate. We receive these signs with our many senses such as audial or visual. Saussure argues that the sign dynamic has two components: A form of the sign and its meaning, respectively, the signifier and the signified. Thus, languages which enable us to communicate through different sounds or written symbols are arbitrary and they are subjected to change in time. They are only as important as their function in the communication rather than their historical importance or features. Therefore, language is in a constant state of change which includes its reconstruction and re-analyze through the changing social relations and discourses. According to Williamson, semiotics is composed of thing and meaning as well. The important thing here is not how a certain word or term is formed but how it is shared and found itself in the daily expressions. Williamson takes the issue of advertisement as a determinant of culture and everyday practices. These practices are mainly there to sell products but at the same time they make properties to mean something for us. They present and promote the idea of being a certain kind of person. The language of this promotion is not a singular one; it rather changes according to different times and cultures. For instance, I observed that many brands use different advertisements for the promotion of sanitary napkins in different countries according to these countries’ cultural norms and values. The portrayal of a certain ideal type is given in the advertisements but at the same time this ideal type is linked to the certain products through messages. For instance, â€Å"delikanlÄ ± kÄ ±zlar molped kullanÄ ±r.† The construction of these linkages occurs over long processes. Thus, connections are made between people and objects are made. So, we should take the sign for w hat it signifies, the thing becomes the symbol of a feeling. â€Å"Material things we need are made to represent the other non- material things we need. The point of exchange between two is where meaning is produced.† (Williamson, 2000) What an advertisement actually does is to show and give audiences an object of desire. When a product is used exclusively by women, female image and female sexuality is packed up with the product and presented to the women again. In our case, the object of desire could be manifested as youth, freedom, happiness, a good career, etc. In the advertisements, what is not shown or expressed, in other words absences are as important as what are present. For instance, advertisements can show what people actually want to be like in this way. According to Crook, there are two main dimensions which reflect the distinction between the linguistic and the non-linguistic components of commercials that should be taken into account. These are the product- claim dimension and reward dimension. (Crook, 2004) When product claim dimension is used, some information or claims of the producers are presented to the consumers in the form of physical outcomes and benefits. For instance, in our case of sanitary napkins, this could be dryness. There usually is a superimposed linguistic message and/ or a message which is given by a voiceover, a narrator or a mini drama with one or a few highlighted characters. The use of reward dimension targets the more emotional side of the audiences. The benefits and offers are emotional and more abstract. For instance, in our case, this could be the promise of intimacy or modernity. As it can be deducted from this example, the benefits may not seem such related with the product itself at the first sight. The tools of non-verbal communication such as colors and music are used in these types of advertisements. The Construction of Menstruation as Embarrassment Menstruation is accepted, portrayed and presented as an embarrassing hygienic trouble which needs to stay hidden and covered up in the public realm, specifically from men. It is also seen as an obstruct on the way of achieving to the standardized and ideal womanhood norms as Evans also points outs. Menstruation stood in the way, as a threat to a womans reaching the ideal of beautiful womanhood, (Evans, 1995, p. 25) All of these negative connotations helped the construction of menstruation as embarrassment for females. As an historical inheritance, this problem is limited to the one’s private sphere. Thus, offering solution to this hygienic problem can easily be considered as overruling one’s privacy. Advertisers observed that there might be negative reactions occurring, as viewers evaluate these advices as a violation of their liberties and privacy. In the specific type of commercial that we are trying to explore here, the producers of the advertisements could be accused of taking the liberty of talking about a private issue because these advertisements postulate the existence of a ‘problem’ and describe menstruation as a barrier with discomforting symptoms which put limits on one’s mental and physical actions. Therefore, there is a message of â€Å"You need these hygienic products to hide and relieve your embarrassment and stay pure and clean. Otherwise you would be stained and feel ashamed and dirty.† For instance, Kotex started a series of advertisement which are based on a simple question to women: â€Å"What weird things do you do on your special days?† In the series, a famous actress took part and filmed doing weird things such as carrying a awkwardly huge bag to hide her back, getting extremely angry out of little issues or taking photos of herself to check whether there is any stains caused by her period. The Myth of the Magical Youth and Beauty â€Å"With the rise of the youth culture, advertisers shifted even more from health and safety to youth and beauty. Youth and all things modern have been idealized.† (Del Saz-Rubio and Pennock-Speck, 2009) The advertisements that I watched were proving this statement since all women that took place in these advertisements were at the age of 17-25 or 30 at most. Moreover, the older women were portrayed as role models and advisers in the advertisements and they were not on the focus. Since all women are potential customers until they step into the menopause (age 45-50 on average), there should be another motive behind this choice. As another important point, there is a set of standardized beauty norms in these advertisements. For instance, there was no over weighted woman in any of the sanitary napkin advertisement I watched or analyzed. All of the women were conformed to the widely accepted body norms and standards. So, the modern woman is idealized at being young, free and nor matively beautiful and the message of â€Å"youth knows it better† is given. Although sanitary napkins are started to produce from mid-1980s, its advertisement was not legally and culturally possible until 1920s. First, sanitary napkin advertisements started to take place in women’s magazines such as Vogue in 1920s. Then, in 1970s it became legally possible for sanitary napkin brands to do advertising on television and radio. There were still a lot of written and unwritten rules: For instance, these advertisements are shown during daytime which is considered as ‘women’s TV time’, rather than prime time hours. Moreover, it still stayed as a controversial issue and many opposed to this new situation. We can evaluate this new era as a adoption phase in which ‘blue liquid’ advertisements appeared in the scene. For a long time, blue liquid tests in laboratory environment are used all around the world, as well as in Turkey. The Messages in the Sanitary Napkin Advertisements Although the first advertisements focused on the promotion of the product by comparing the diffferent brands such as Orkid vs. Sanitary Napkin with labaratory experiments, this method has been abandoned by many brands recently or they were started to support by some charachters and mini drama scripts. The technique of placing highly imposed linguistic message has also been abandoned for the purpose of decreasing the sense of intrusion to private life and decisions directly. Instead of that, a mini drama script and some famous actresses that became public figures and whose consumption habits become trends and followed by the consumers are used. When it comes to the spaces which are used in these advertisements are also important as one of the non-linguistic components. As I observed, the place is chosen as ones which are most far away from the main issue. One would expect that bathrooms are used in these advertisements but instead of this, broad and bright spaces are used in interior shootings and crowded and alive urban landscapes for external shootings. The message and intention of this choice is to decrease the possible uneasiness of the viewers with the presupposition that menstruation is a disturbing issue which needs not to be talked or displayed with direct references to it. It should be softened and hidden as much as possible. Another message about the places is the emphasis on the modern and urbanized woman who is a part of the dynamic city life. For instance, Molped and Orkid gave this message and Orkid even conducted a promotion campaign with its ‘à ¶zgà ¼r kÄ ±z’ Nil Karaibrahimgil. This ima ge is created exclusively for the campaign and she is portrayed as a free and strong woman who is capable of having a career and children at the same time. Thus, here we see that products promise modernization, urbanization and freedom to women according to new type of ideal woman. Therefore, we see that advertisement also impose a certain life style on women by using identification techniques.